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李国重  李建文  归庆明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(2):67-70

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西安地铁2号线隧道穿越地裂缝带的设防参数     

黄强兵  彭建兵  邓亚虹  范文 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2882-2888

基于西安地裂缝成因、基本特征和未来活动趋势分析,通过几何缩比为1：5的地裂缝活动模型试验和地裂缝活动对盾构隧道影响的数值模拟计算,研究了西安地铁2号线隧道正交穿越地裂缝带的设防参数。通过分析地裂缝年平均活动速率和历史最大活动量,确定了与地铁2号线相交的各条地裂缝的最大垂直位移量的预测值和设计建议值。模型试验和数值模拟结果表明,正交条件下地铁隧道在地裂缝活动地段的设防宽度为60 m,即上盘为35 m,下盘为25 m;沿隧道纵向地裂缝两侧地层变形规律呈现台阶状突变变形,隧道纵向设计可将上盘视为整体下降来考虑;地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带必须分段设缝以适应地裂缝的变形,其分段长度在地裂缝主影响区按10 m进行设防,在一般影响区可按10～15 m进行分段设防。研究结果可为地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的结构设计提供参考。  相似文献   

挡土墙主动土压力塑性临界深度的解析解     

彭明祥 《岩土力学》2010,31(10):3179-3183

墙后塑性区的临界深度问题一直没有得到很好解决,传统计算公式仅适用于一些特殊情况。基于极限平衡理论,视墙后填土为服从Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的理想弹塑性材料,假定塑性区的一族滑移线为直线即平面滑裂面,提出弹性覆盖层取代传统的张拉裂缝,建立了较为完善的滑楔分析模型,采用极限平衡法推导了在一般情况下的塑性临界压力、临界深度以及塑性区可能最大深度的解析解。计算结果表明,塑性临界深度的解析解与目前文献采用迭代计算的结果完全一致,传统计算公式是该解析解的一个特例。  相似文献   

黄土震陷性深度特征的试验研究     

徐舜华  王兰民  孙军杰  吴志坚 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3397-3403

黄土震陷是地震发生时黄土地区发生的一种灾害。以典型马兰黄土（Q3）作为研究对象,对5组不同深度的原状黄土试样进行室内动三轴震陷试验,研究了该场地黄土震陷性随深度的变化特征。研究结果表明,（1）在天然含水率或是增湿、减湿情况下,黄土震陷深度曲线随动应力的增加均经历了一个从平稳、快速、再收敛至最大震陷深度的发展过程;（2）黄土震陷深度曲线的发展阶段动应力区间不尽相同,随着含水率的增加,黄土震陷快速发展期的动应力区间在变窄,最小动应力值变小,含水率20%条件下比5%最小动应力值可降低30%;（3）典型马兰黄土存在一个最大震陷深度,其最大震陷深度不受动应力、含水率影响,含水率仅能够降低达到最大震陷深度时最小动应力,加速黄土震陷深度的发展进程。在动应力不断增加的情况下,最终的黄土震陷深度曲线收敛于最大震陷深度,本次实验黄土场地的最大震陷深度约为15.5 m。  相似文献   

Asymmetric variability between maximum and minimum temperatures in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from tree rings   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gou XiaoHua  Chen FaHu  Yang MeiXue  Jacoby Gordon  Fang KeYan  Tian QinHua  Zhang Yong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(1):41-55

Ecological systems in the headwaters of the Yellow River, characterized by hash natural environmental conditions, are very vulnerable to climatic change. In the most recent decades, this area greatly attracted the public's attention for its more and more deteriorating environmental conditions. Based on tree-ring samples from the Xiqing Mountain and A'nyêmagên Mountains at the headwaters of the Yellow River in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we reconstructed the minimum temperatures in the winter half year over the last 425 years and the maximum temperatures in the summer half year over the past 700 years in this region. The variation of minimum temperature in the winter half year during the time span of 1578―1940 was a relatively stable trend, which was followed by an abrupt warming trend since 1941. However, there is no significant warming trend for the maximum temperature in the summer half year over the 20th century. The asymmetric variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures were observed in this study over the past 425 years. During the past 425 years, there are similar variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures; however, the minimum temperatures vary about 25 years earlier compared to the maximum temperatures. If such a trend of variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures over the past 425 years continues in the future 30 years, the maximum temperature in this region will increase significantly.  相似文献   

Numerical experiments for the conductive properties of saturated rock     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)

The reservoir evaluation as a key technology in oil exploration and production is based on the electrical transport property (ETP) of saturated rock that is described in a mathematical form with Arhcie’s equa-tion. But there have been increasing cases observed in many researches indicating that the ETP is non-Archie especially for the complex reservoir with low porosity and permeability. In this paper,the numerical experiments based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been employed to study the effect of porous structure and fluids on the ETP for revealing the nature of non-Archie phenomenon in micro-scale. The results of numerical experiments have proved that the saturation exponent n is a function of water saturation and porosity instead of being a constant in Archie’s equation. And then,a new formula has been developed for the EPT through combining the result of numerical simulation with that of laboratory measurements. The calculations from the new formula show very good agreement with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formula over the conventional methods in non-Archie rock.  相似文献   

Projection of Future Precipitation Extremes Change (2001-2050) in the Yangtze River Basin     

Zhang Zengxin  Zhang Qiang  Zhang Jinchi  Jiang Tong  Klaus Fraedrich 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(00):32-36

 Daily maximum rainfall (R1D) was higher in the Jialing River basin, the Taihu Lake area and the mid-lower main stream section of the Yangtze River basin in the 1990s, and there was a good relationship between ECHAM5/MPI-OM model simulation and the observed data about extreme precipitation (R1D). Under the IPCC SRES A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, R1Ds are all projected to be in increasing trends in the upper Yangtze River basin during 2001-2050, and R1D shows a more significant increasing tendency under the A2 scenario when compared with the A1B scenario before 2020. With respect to the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, an increasing tendency is projected before 2025, and since then the increasing tendency will become insignificant. There might be more floods to the south of the Yangtze River and more droughts to the north in the next decades.  相似文献   

Turbulent kinetic energy and sediment resuspension due to wave groups     

Samantha Kularatne  Charitha Pattiaratchi 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Wave-induced sediment resuspension in nearshore regions has been observed occurring in an event-like manner and associated with the passage of wave groups. This paper describes field measurements of turbulent velocities obtained simultaneously with suspended sediment concentration and water surface elevation from Floreat Beach, Perth, Western Australia. The data were used to study the relationship between turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) on suspension events caused by wave groups and the intermittent nature of bottom turbulence production and sediment suspension. The field measurements showed the high TKE events occurred under wave crests, and sometimes under wave toughs, when the wave heights were increasing during the passage of a wave group; the TKE decreased after the maximum wave in the wave group had passed over the measurement location. High suspended sediment concentrations (ssc) and the intermittent high TKE events were not related rather the higher ssc events were associated with a secondary peak in the surface elevation, close to the maxima in the offshore velocity, and “burst” events in the Reynolds stress.  相似文献   

青藏铁路清水河段片石护坡路堤温度特性研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

魏静  许兆义  李成  包黎明  葛建军 《岩土力学》2006,27(5):773-777

通过对青藏铁路清水河试验段片石护坡、无片石护坡的冻土路堤和地基的温度进行的全面监测,对比分析了路堤体内及基底的地温、积温及温度场中最大融化深度的变化情况,结果表明,采用片石护坡措施的试验路堤,与对比段（普通路堤）相比,降温效果明显。负积温量值大于对比段,最大融化深度抬升幅度较大。因此,片石护坡能够有效发挥降低地温、保护多年冻土的作用,并有利于坡面防护,是一种施作方便,既能用于新建,又能用于补强的多年冻土主动保护措施。  相似文献   

Nutrient maximums related to low oxygen concentrations in the southern Canada Basin   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

JIN Mingming  SHI Jiuxin  LU Yong  CHEN Jianfang  GAO Guoping  WU Jingfeng  ZHANG Haisheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(6):88-96

The phenomenon of nutrient maximums at 70～200 m occurred only in the region of the Canada Basin among the world oceans. The prevailing hypothesis was that the direct injection of the low-temperature high-nutrient brines from the Chukchi Sea shelf (＜50 m) in winter provided the nutrient maximums. However, we found that there are five problems in the direct injection process. Formerly Jin et al. considered that the formation of nutrient maximums can be a process of locally long-term regeneration. Here we propose a regeneration-mixture process. Data of temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients were collected at three stations in the southern Canada Basin during the summer 1999 cruise. We identified the cores of the surface, near-surface, potential temperature maximum waters and Arctic Bottom Water by the diagrams and vertical profiles of salinity, potential temperature, oxygen and nutrients. The historical 129Ⅰ data indicated that the surface and near-surface waters were Pacific-origin, but the waters below the potential temperature maximum core depth was Atlantic-origin. Along with the correlation of nutrient maximums and very low oxygen contents in the near-surface water, we hypothesize that, the putative organic matter was decomposed to inorganic nutrients; and the Pacific water was mixed with the Atlantic water in the transition zone. The idea of the regeneration-mixture process agrees with the historical observations of no apparent seasonal changes, the smooth nutrient profiles, the lowest saturation of CaCO3 above 400 m, low rate of CFC-11 ventilation and 3H-3He ages of 8～18 a around the nutrient maximum depths.  相似文献